Music, musical instruments, and singing are considered haram (forbidden) in Islam according to many scholars. This prohibition is supported by evidence from both the Quran and the Sunnah. The primary reasons for this ruling include the potential of music to distract people from the remembrance of Allah, promote immorality, and lead to sinful behavior.

Evidence from the Quran and Sunnah

• Quran: Allah says in Surah Luqman (31:6), “And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks to mislead (men) from the path of Allah…” Many scholars, including Ibn ‘Abbas, interpret “idle talks” to mean singing and music.
• Hadith: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “Among my Ummah there will certainly be people who permit Zina, silk, alcohol, and musical instruments…” (Narrated by al-Bukhari).

Scholarly Consensus

• Imam al-Qurtubi: He mentioned that all musical instruments are haram by scholarly consensus and considered music a habit of drinkers and evildoers, stirring up desires and corruption.
• Ibn Taymiyah: Stated that all musical instruments are haram according to the four major Imams (al-Majmu’, 11/576).
• Ibn al-Qayyim: Mentioned that musical instruments are the wine of the soul, causing more harm than good.

Permissible Exceptions

• Al-Daff (Tambourine): It is permissible for women to use the daff on occasions such as Eid and weddings.
• Military Drums: Used in times of war but this is debated and considered inappropriate by some scholars.

Conclusion

Music and musical instruments are generally prohibited in Islam due to their potential to lead to sinful behavior and distract from the remembrance of Allah. However, some exceptions exist, such as the use of the daff by women on specific occasions. It is important for Muslims to seek entertainment and comfort in ways that align with Islamic principles and avoid those that lead to prohibited actions.

And Allah knows best.

Sources:

1. IslamQA – Is Music Haram?
2. IslamQA – Can Music Be Used to Treat Depression?